are obligatory, result in sexual dysfunction, require participation of nonconsenting individuals, lead to legal complications, interfere with social relationships)'.Īlthough there may be no connection between coprophilia and sadomasochism (SM), the limited data on the former comes from studies of the latter. Furthermore, the DSM-IV-TR notes, 'Fantasies, behaviors, or objects are paraphilic only when they lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g.
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, it is classified under 302.89- Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) and has no diagnostic criteria other than a general statement about paraphilias that says 'the diagnosis is made if the behavior, sexual urges, or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning'.
